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In Recognition of the Kind and Trusting
Bikini People Who Made
A Well-Intentioned Sacrifice of their Homeland
“For the Good of Mankind”
March 7, 1946
LIKIAJ
RUTH
EMRI*
LOKWIAR
JABWIN
LUA
KOMWEIKIK
JEKO
JIBA
ABROL
MAIKA
NEIBOUJ
TEA
LEWIS
RACHEAL
JOKDRU
JOSEPH
JAKEO
RAAB
NAOUR
JORING
BITA
DANIAL
ENILE
NATIP
JATEL
MARK*
JUDA
JOWAN
JAKIOS
LAUDAM
HESKEL
NETOP
JERRY
JOAJ
AITAB
JOHNSON
NORMAI
LIVITIKUS
JOJEA
KELEB
JOKBEIT
ANJO
TITIKOJ*
JEBORA
METALI
TOKOJ
JAMBO
LAIJO
UBTINIA*
JIBAJ
KOTRA
ARUKO
LEA
RELIK AITAB
ATNE LANG
SAMUEL KERONG
TOKION LEWIS
BOBORI JOEL
TAKDRIK JIBAS
MARTIBON BEJIKO*
JUKWA JAKEO
MOSES LEWIS
BANKE LAUDAM*
TORA LESTO
HELKENA HESKIL
DAINA JUDA
MARK JOKDRU
ANDREW JAKEO
JELADRIK JAKEO
RITA KESSIBUKI
OBRA BEJIKO
TORAL CALEB*
RISA JOSAIA
JOHN LOKWIAR*
ROSE JOKDRU
KILON BAUNO
JOLOK IRUJIMAN
JALOME JUDA
TARBIT LOKEBOL
ANTAB JOKDRU
HERMON JOHNSON
MERRY LOKIAR
CALEB JOKDRU
ELIJABOT SAMSON
PAUL IRUJIMAN*
TABITA LAUDAM
LORE KESSABUKI
BAIN JOKDRU
TARO LOKOBOL
REBKA JAKEO
MERTA LEWIS
HESA NOTE*
SORRY JELANG
ELBO LOKEBOL*
MARTHA JELANG
TELNAN BEJIKO
ENILLA JOASH
HENSEN JOHNSON
HEITA JELANG
MERIA LAUDAM*
KATRINA JOKDRU
REMA SAMSON
ELLIAS JOHNSON
MIRIAM AITAB
JOKONWA JOHNSON
MILTON JOASH*
BETWEL SAMSON
TAKIA LAUDAM
BILIMON JELANG
BILLY JAKEO
HENCHI BALOS
AUGUST JOSHUA
LINA TAWEJ*
DAVID JOHNSON
JACOB JOHNSON
ROSHILLA JELANG
URAIA JIBAS*
PERO JOEL*
ROSA LEER
JAIN JAMES
LUTA LOKWIAR
RUBON JUDA*
LYDIA NAMWE
NEIKANO JOEL
BUKTOK IRUJIMAN
ELWINE BALOS
PHILLIP LIVITIKOS*
NEIBON LEWILLON*
IAIKO JAKEO
JENE KWELOK
TAMAR KERONG
NATHEN NOTE*
JOSHI LAIJO
MERA JOHNSON
ISHAIA LEWIS
KIOS CALEB*
HERDON CALEB
DRETIN JOKDRU
ELBON JIBAS
TONA JAKEO
ARMY LANGE
ANAKO KERONG
NEITA JUDA
BINIROK WOTOKNA
MISHAO LAISO
HOSIA KERONG
EMSO LIVITIKOS
BIAMON LEWIS
TIBON BEJIKO
JAMORE AITAB
ANTIBAS JUDA
JORMAIA LIVITIKOS
KIBON JOASH
JOSES IRUJIMAN
TIMIEN LAISO
TATAO LAISO
JOJE LEWIS
AJIDRIK JOHNSON
HOSMI JUDA
SEAR JAKEO
MIKE JIBAS
JIEN CALEB*
KOMAWI LEWIS
KELEN JOASH*
HEMOS JIBAS
JENDRIK LIVITIKOS
LIBI LORE KESSIBUKI
KAJMWEAN LAISO
167 Bikinians Living on the Island of Bikini at the Time of Displacement
March 7, 1946
* 30 Bikinians not living on Bikini at the time of the Displacement
Thank you to Jack Niedenthal for providing the names of the displaced Bikini People
Barker, Holly M. 2004. Bravo for the Marshallese: Regaining Control in a Post-Nuclear, Post Colonial World. Thompson and Wadsworth.
Bradley, David. 1948. No Place to Hide. Little Brown and Company, Boston.
Johnson, Giff. 2013. Don’t Ever Whisper. Darlene Keju, Pacific Health Pioneer.
Kiste, Robert C. 1974. The Bikinians: A Study in Forced Migration. Cummings Publishing Company.
Mason, Leonard. 1948. Rongerik Report: Summary Findings and Recommendations.
Office of the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
National Nuclear Commission of the Marshall Islands. FY 2020-FY2023. Nuclear Justice for the Marshall Islands, A Strategy for Coordinated Action.
Niedenthal, Jack. 2001. For the Good of Mankind, A History of the People of Bikini and Their Islands. Bravo Publishers Majuro, Marshall Islands.
Alik, Eldon. Consul General, Republic of the Marshall Island, Springdale, Arkansas.
Burleson, Derek. Public Relations, Tyson Foods, Springdale, Arkansas.
Grahlfs, Ph.D., F. Lincoln. Past Vice Commander, National Association of Atomic Veterans, Surviving Operation Crossroads participant.
Griego, Paul. New Mexico State Commander, National Association of Atomic Veterans.
Maddison, Sosylina. Coordinator, Bikini Coalition, Springdale, Arkansas.
Laelan, Melisa. Director, Arkansas Coalition of Marshallese, Springdale, Arkansas.
Riklon, Sheldon. Associate Professor UAMS, Office of Community Health and Research, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine.
I would like to acknowledge my younger sister, Gene (Jean) Whitmore Marsh. She was 18 months old when Will left for Bikini and 14 years old when he died. Her life, as well as mine, was impacted by Will’s decision to participate in Operation Crossroads. Gene became an advanced practice nurse and eventually obtained a Ph.D. in clinical nursing research. Her contribution to public health, the care of vulnerable populations, teaching, conducting research, and her work at the university level in Kenya are commendable. Gene is an Associate Professor Emerita at the University of Colorado College of Nursing. She relates the course of her professional life to the impact of Will’s Operation Crossroads experiences and his probable illness and subsequent death from radiation exposure.
Thank you West Cooper of West Design Tech. Without West’s support and technical expertise, I would not have been able to share the Bikini images, essays, videos and the many links on my website with you. No matter what I have asked West to do, he has always found a way to do it. He has also provided the explanations I needed to feel confident that the website would successfully convey my thoughts and ideas to you, my viewers.
I am grateful to CENTER for awarding the Bikini Project the 2021 Project Launch Grant. CENTER is a Not-For-Profit organization that supports photographers and socially and environmentally engaged lens based projects. The grant provides financial support and professional development opportunities. In the future, I would like to visit the Marshall Islands and to meet the survivors and descendants of Operation Crossroads who live there today. The Launch Grant will help to cover the expense of travel, logistics and translation. The grant also offers many opportunities to share my work, and the funding will help to facilitate these opportunities when they arise.
Sosylina Maddison, the Coordinator for the Bikini Coalition, arranged the interviews with the Bikini descendants and offered her office as a place to conduct the interviews and make photographs. She also invited me to participate in the Atoll Stroll at the Bikini booth. She provided logistical support while I was in Springdale, Arkansas and has been a good friend. I also want to thank Eldon Alik, Consul General for the Republic of the Marshall Island, for his support and interest in the Bikini Project. Melisa Laelan, Director, Arkansas Coalition of Marshallese, has also offered encouragement and interest in the Bikini Project.
The Marshallese and especially the Bikini people are known for their kindness and hospitality. I consider it a privilege to have met these people. I am thankful for their willingness to share their stories and the stories of their families.
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